Available B.Ed Notes For B.Ed students and CTET / TET Exam

Heredity and environment play a vital role in the development of the personality of the individual.

Growth:-
1. Part: Growth is a part or an aspect of development.
2. Not continuous: It is not continuous. It is start from conception but end from at some particular age. Mostly, it stops
3. Changes in particular aspects growth in particular aspect of body and behavior.

An understanding of the nature and principles of growth and development is very essential for the realization of the aim of education i.e. the maximum growth & development of personality – physical and motor development, cognitive, emotional, social development etc.

1. Principles of Sequential Development: Development follows a pattern (sequence)
Every species whether animal or human-being follow a pattern of development. In the case of human beings the process of development follows a definite pattern.

The knowledge of principles of growth and development is very important and useful for parents, teacher and educationists. Some of the users are:
1. Adjusting school programmes, procedures and practices:

Physical development means growing in height, weight and body proportions.
Parents and teachers are aware that children grow taller and heavier and stronger every day.
The growth in body is very rapid in early years, particularly

The term adolescence is derived from the Latin word Adolescence, which means to grow to maturity. It is a critical stage of development which lies between later childhood and maturity, emerging from childhood and merging into adulthood.

1. Proper Physical Development
The teacher should plan for this aspect in the following manner:
(a) By organizing various types of physical exercises, sports and games

The teacher or the school has a major role in facilitating the overall development of children once they are enrolled in the school.
Educational Implications of Physical Development:

1.To have the proper knowledge of adolescent’s psychology:
A teacher should have knowledge about adolescent’s psychology. i). What are the specific needs of adolescents? ii). What type of changes does taken place during this period?

(a) Social growth:
The social growth of children is a significant process.
This growth is too important to be ignored by the teacher and the parents

Educational implications of emotional development:
Usually children express many emotions link anger, fear, jealousy, affection, joy, pleasure, etc. Positive emotions help the child to develop a positive outlook about life.

Meaning of emotional intelligence
Emotional Intelligence, like General Intelligence is the product of one’s Heredity and its interaction with his environmental forces. Emotional Intelligence has, in recent years,

No two pupils are alike. They differ from each other in hundred and one respects.
They differ in:-
Age, Sex,
Hereditary potential,
Multiple Intelligence

In education, even since the most ancient times, students have been differentiated on the basis of age as difference in age levels entitles the children to differing levels of education.

1. Average Intelligence:
Individuals are seen differing in considerable measure in respect of their general intelligence.
It is not possible to send to schools children with an intelligence quotient of below 50.

What is the Teacher’s Advantage in Knowing Individual Differences
The objective of modern education is the complete development of the child. In this connection, the teacher has the following advantage to derive from knowledge of individual differences:

Introduction
Inclusive education is concerned with removing all barriers to learning, and with participation of all learners vulnerable to exclusion and marginalization. It is a strategic approach designed to facilitate learning success for all children.

Characteristics of Visually impaired or visually challenged student are varied according to different degrees of visual loss, different types of visual loss and different causes of visual impairment. However, they may exhibit the following behaviors:

Concept, characteristics, functions and meaning of management
Introduction
Management is the efficient utilization and handling of all available resources for achieving an objective. It is the prerequisite for the successful working, running and development of any organization.

Write about the concept of Time Management. Which principles would you keep in mind while preparing an ideal time table?
Introduction
Time waits for no one and it is the only resource available in the same quantity to every human being, be he king or pauper.

Event Management is the application of management principles and practices for creation and development and organization of a festival or event. Event management helps in brand building.

Classroom Management is the creation of a conducive classroom environment so that teachers and students work in more productive ways towards the attainment of educational objectives.

C.R. leads a lot of practice and patience on the teacher’s part. If handled effectively then students will remember you lovingly for their entire life and draw inspiration from you. Most important love the profession and the children. Everything else automatically follows.

Henri Fayol, French Pioneer, considered as founder of Classical Management School, the first to systematize managerial behavior in 1916.
He proved that management is a developed skills and not a gift by birth. It is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with other people.

In 1954, Peter Drucker introduced Management By Objectives (MBO) which is a modern approach / philosophy / idea towards Management

Concept of Quality Management (Total Quality Management) and Excellence in Education.
Achieving quality education is possible only when educational services/products meet needs and expectations, give value for time and efforts

Training
1) Training is a process designed to improve the performance of an employee at his present job.
2) It imparts specific skills, abilities, and know-how to enhance his performance and make him up-to-date with current trends.

The formal training that a teacher gains before the start of her teaching career before she actually starts teaching, is called as Pre-service education or pre-service training.

As per Cane – “All those activities and courses which aim at enhancing and strengthening the professional knowledge, interests and skills of serving teachers.”

1) Lack of incentives, motivation, interest, trained staff, facilities, initiative.
2) Inappropriate curriculum and courses

Models, Courses, Techniques of In-service Training and list of models

Teacher
A teacher is the single-most vital factor and the backbone of any progressive scheme of national education. Dr. West Keirsey classifies the “Teacher” as a role variant of the personality type “Idealist”.

The school is as great as the headmaster under whom it may flourish or perish.
Qualities
1) Sound educational philosophy of life and values.
2) An educational visionary with sound judgement and foresight.

Qualities and functions of Assistant Headmaster and Supervisor written by an professional PGT teacher, tells about functions and qualities of Assistant Headmaster and Supervisor

The term leadership is derived from the word leader, which means to lead. The responsibility of smooth functioning of any organization rests on the shoulders of the leader.

Q. Explain any 4 academic needs of a school with their importance.
The school is the second home of the child where he spends a lot of his time.

Four basic academic needs of a good school are-

What are the causes of it. As a Teacher what measures/remedies would you suggest to the problem of Wastage and Stagnation?
Introduction
The Govt. of India promotes free and compulsory primary education

1) We should try to remove the heterogeneity in society where the rich become richer and the poor, poorer.
2) Sufficient financial aid should be provided for adequate infrastructure such as school building,