B.Ed First Year Notes English Medium

No two pupils are alike. They differ from each other in hundred and one respects.
They differ in:-
Age, Sex,
Hereditary potential,
Multiple Intelligence

In education, even since the most ancient times, students have been differentiated on the basis of age as difference in age levels entitles the children to differing levels of education.
As the child’s age gradually increases, the subjects of his education can be made more complex and difficult.

1. Average Intelligence:
Individuals are seen differing in considerable measure in respect of their general intelligence.
It is not possible to send to schools children with an intelligence quotient of below 50.

What is the Teacher’s Advantage in Knowing Individual Differences
The objective of modern education is the complete development of the child. In this connection, the teacher has the following advantage to derive from knowledge of individual differences:

Introduction
Inclusive education is concerned with removing all barriers to learning, and with participation of all learners vulnerable to exclusion and marginalization. It is a strategic approach designed to facilitate learning success for all children.

Characteristics of Visually impaired or visually challenged student are varied according to different degrees of visual loss, different types of visual loss and different causes of visual impairment. However, they may exhibit the following behaviors:

Learning disabilities are associated with problems in listening, reasoning, memory, attention, selecting and focusing on relevant stimuli, and the perception and processing of visual and/or auditory information.

Definition:
“A slow-learning child is one whose capacity for learning the kind of material which is taught in the ordinary school is limited by some deficit in intellectual capacity. Limited intelligence, however, this may be defined, is the chief characteristic of the ‘Slow learner’ ”.

Characteristics:-
1. Physical
(i) They are physically sound and rather better than the normal children.
(ii) Their faces are usually bright.
(iii) They possess vigour and vitality.

The American Association of Mental Deficiency states that mental retardation exists when there is significant sub average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficit in adaptive behaviour and is manifested during the developmental period.

The term physically exceptional has been used in literature in various ways: Physically disabled, crippled, orthopaedically impaired, or otherwise health impaired. Physical handicaps are divided into two types:

Educational Provisions for physically exceptional children
Orthopaedically handicapped children do not need any special situation for schooling. They can be educated well in the regular school along with others. The regular classroom teacher can well handle such cases.

Role of Teacher for Special Child – Physical and Visual Impairment Students
Special child means the students who have special needs. Teacher should try to fulfil their special needs so that they could not think themselves unfit in the class.

Crow & Crow: Learning is acquisition of knowledge, habits and attitudes. It involves new ways of doing things in order to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations.