B.Ed First Year Notes English Medium
Last Updated:15 Nov 2020
Q. Islamic education –
FEATURES/CHARACTERISITS
1) Religion-centered education – Pupils acquired knowledge as religious obligation. Aims, contents of study and daily life was all centered around religion.
2) Patronage of rulers – Rulers helped spread of education and richly endowed institutions with funds.
3) Pursuit of Various disciplines – along with religion, curriculum included study of many intellectual activities such as maths, science, grammar, astronomy, politics, literature, poetry, etc.
4) The countryside would be developed into a centre of education.
5) There were well-defined Norms of behavior, pattern of thought and character of personality.
6) Punishments were corporal and quite severe.
7) There was provision for technical, professional and vocational education.
8) Centres of education were the maktabs (elementary schools) and Madrasas (for higher education)..
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9) Medium of instruction was Persian.
CURRICULUM
1) Mainly holy book Qu’ran and prayers.
2) Variety of subjects – maths, astronomy, literature, poetry, grammar, military science, politics, etc.
3) Also religion oriented.
4) Vocational and technical education was also imparted.
METHODS OF TEACHING
1) Oral teaching.
2) Memorisation of assigned lessons.
3) Persian was the medium of instruction.
ROLE OF TEACHER
1) Teachers were very learned.
2) They took to teaching for the love of teaching.
3) There was respectful and intimate relationship between student and teacher.
4) Practice of living with the teacher was not so much followed.
5) Pupils were expected to serve the teacher.
6) In return they would get free food and knowledge from them.
MAKTABS AND MADRASAS
MAKTAB
1) Maktab is derived from Arabic “Kutab” which means “writing”.
2) Elementary schools attached to mosques.
3) The 3 R’s of Reading, Writing and Arithmetic were taught.
4) Quran was to be learnt by heart.
5) Languages such as urdu, Arabic and Persian were learnt.
6) Pronunciation, good handwriting, conversation, memorization, good manners, were given importance.
7) Mullah, Maulvi and Maulana would teach.
MADRASAS
1) Madrasa is derived from Arabis word “Dars” meaning “lecture.
2) These were centres of higher, mainly Islamic, education.
3) It would be located within or close to a large mosque.
4) It was supported by private grants and endowments.
5) Curriculum was both religious and secular and covered a period of 10 to 12 years.
6) Religious education comprised deep and intensive study of the Quran, prayers, Islamic Law and Sufism.
7) Secular education comprised of literature, logic, history, geography, science, mathematics, agriculture, medicine, etc.
8) Some madrasas had hostels attached with free boarding and lodging.
9) Non-muslims were also allowed to study.
