Rubidium (Rb)
by Yogi P - October 30, 2023
Rubidium (Rb): Nature’s Most Versatile Element
Rubidium is an alkali metal that is a member of the group 1 of the periodic table. Owing to its properties and industrial applications, it is considered as one of the most versatile elements in nature. It is widely used in electronics, medical imaging, and atomic clocks. It is also used as a tracer to study gas and oil movement.
History and Discovery of Rubidium (Rb)
The element Rubidium was first discovered by German chemist Robert Bunsen and his assistant Gustav Kirchhoff in 1861 using spectroscopy. They were studying mineral samples when they noticed a bright red line in the sodium spectrum and concluded that a new element was present in the sample.
Upon further confirmation, the officials are coining the new element as ‘rubidium’ after the Latin word for ‘deep red’.
Properties of Rubidium (Rb)
- Atomic number: 37
- Symbol: Rb
- Atomic mass: 85.468 g/mol
- Melting point: 38.89°C (101.98°F)
- Boiling point: 688.4°C (1271.4°F)
- Density: 1.532 g/cm3
- Valence electrons: 1
Due to its large atomic radius and single electron, rubidium is extremely reactive. It easily loses an electron and becomes positively charged. It is also one of the softest metals, as soft as a fingernail. Like other alkali metals, it is highly flammable and reacts vigorously with oxygen, water, and other compounds.
Uses of Rubidium (Rb)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – Rubidium is used in MRI scans to measure changes in the body and detect any abnormalities.
- Television – Rubidium is used in color television sets as part of electronic circuits that adjust the image contrast.
- Atomic Clocks – Rubidium is used in atomic clocks since its electrons jump to different energy levels in a precise, predictable, and measurable manner.
- Measurement of Gas – Rubidium is used to measure the movement of gases in different parts of a geological formation.
- Fireworks – Rubidium is added to certain fireworks to create a blue-red flame.
- Automobiles – Rubidium is used in the fuel cells of certain hybrid and electric cars.
Safety Precautions
Rubidium is a highly reactive metal and should be handled with extreme care. It is best to work with small amounts in a lab that has a fume hood. Working with rubidium can be dangerous, as it is toxic and flammable. It should never be stored in unsealed containers and should be kept away from organic materials.
Conclusion
Rubidium is a versatile element with many uses in a variety of industries. From MRI scans to atomic clocks and from fireworks to automobiles, Rubidium has enabled a number of modern-day applications that demonstrate its immense value in human life.
It is important to understand the essential safety precautions that must be taken when handling Rubidium to ensure its safe use.
