B.Ed Second Year Notes English Medium

Q. Problems of Guidance (in school and in general)

Implementation of Guidance and making it an integral part of education is a herculean task in the Indian scenario due to these reasons –
Feeling of purposelessness in guidance

Q. Interview as a technique for testing

Meaning of Interview
Interview is a non-testing technique for collecting information.
Interview is best known face-to-face situation/communication to get information directly from the individual.

Introduction
Observation means to look outside of oneself, at others. It is an important means to collect information. It is a non-testing or non-standardized technique.

Q. Interest Tests

Given a choice, you prefer to do a particular activity to other. Why it is so? Because you enjoy doing that activity or it gives you satisfaction. Each person makes a variety of decisions regarding the type of activities in which he/she will participate.

Attitudes are expressions of how much we like or dislike various things.
We tend to approach and seek out to be associated with things we like, we avoid, shun or reject things we do not like.

Aptitude is thought of as a natural tendency, special ability, or capacity or cluster of abilities. Often these natural abilities are looked at a relationship to a person’s readiness to learn or its suitability for a particular career.

Meaning of Geography
Initially, geography (geo + graphy = earth + to describe) was relegated to being a description of the earth and its nature alone. Later, however, geographers started defining geography keeping in mind man’s influence on the earth and vice-versa.

Place of Geography in school curriculum –
Geography combines study of earth, man, nature and the universe and their influence on each other. Thus it a “complete” subject governing all forms of existence.

Modern concept of Geography
Introduction
Initially, geography was a description of the earth and its nature alone. Later, geographers redefined geography keeping in mind man’s influence on the earth and vice-versa.

Branches of Geography and importance of Geography
Importance of Geography
Geography is one of the social sciences now heading towards scientific form.
It is a subject of the earth and also a heavenly science as it combines study of earth, man, nature and the universe and their influence on each other.

Correlation of geography with history and mathematics and science
Introduction
Just as we use previous knowledge during the set induction of any new concept, for effective teaching-learning, similarly, geography can be taught in relation with other subjects for better understanding as it cuts a section through all the systematic sciences.

Parents counselling
Introduction:
A Throughout the developing years, an individual is influenced greatly by his experiences in the home.
The customs, attitudes, and interrelationships peculiar at home often derive from racial, ethnic social or religious influences.
Social and occupational activities are closely tied to parental interests and activities.

Meaning of Special Needs
Having superior or extraordinary ability
Intellectually gifted or exceptional

Sociometric technique
Meaning
Sociometry is a science to study the inter-relationship of members of a group, their attitude, values, acceptance to each other and role of every individual in the group.